Nutation refers to sacral flexion (anterior rotation of the sacrum in relation to the ilium). The base of the sacrum, on the superior end, moves anteriorly and inferiorly. Nutation occurs with trunk flexion or hip extension.

Counternutation, on the other hand, refers to sacral extension (posterior rotation of the sacrum in relation to the ilium), the base of the sacrum moves posteriorly and superiorly. Counternutation occurs with trunk extension or hip flexion.

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