Q. How can I differentiate between synovitis and capsulitis in TMJ dysfunction?

A.

The TMJ (temporomandibular joint) is a synovial joint. Generally speaking, synovitis refers to inflammation of a synovial membrane while capsulitis refers to inflammation of the joint capsule.

TMJ inflammation is diagnosed when the TMJ is tender to palpation. Synovitis and capsulitis can cause TMJ tenderness or pain and they cannot be clinically differentiated. The collective term ‘TMJ inflammation’ is used to signify either or both and is diagnosed whenever there is TMJ tenderness.

Ref; Wright E F. Manual of Temporomandibular Disorders. 2010. 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell Publishers. Part I. Initial Evaluation. Chapter 5. TMD Diagnostic Categories. Inflammatory Disorders. Pg 76.