An infection anywhere along the urinary tract is called an urinary tract infection (UTI). The differentiation of the urinary tract is done for proper identification and classification as these can determine both the line of treatment and possibly the prognosis.
UTIs are usually classified as upper or lower according to where they occur along the urinary tract, although it is sometimes difficult or impossible to make such a determination. An examples of Lower UTI is an infections of the bladder (cystitis) while an example of an Upper UTI are infections of the kidneys (pyelonephritis). In some instances, infections of the urethra (urethritis) and prostate (prostatitis) are also considered to be lower UTIs.
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