What might be the possible cause(s) for a circumduction gait in a patient with transfemoral amputation who ambulates by circumducting the prosthetic limb of swing side. (question modified).

Circumduction, as seen in a trans-femoral or (above knee) amputation, refers to the lateral curvature of the swing phase of prosthetic limb. Several causes have been adduced, some of which include;

The prosthesis is too long, there is fixed knee and poor hip hitching, there is poor suspension causing the prosthesis to slip, excessive plantar flexion of the foot, abduction contractures, habit, weak hip flexors, the socket too small, insufficient knee flexion.

For a comprehensive review of other prosthetic gait deviations including videos, I recommend this ref.