I have a hard time trying to pick out what is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable. I know the independent variable is the cause and the dependent variable is the effect, but I always seem to pick the wrong one when it is given in an example. Do you have a practice example?

The independent variable is presumed to have caused or influenced the dependent variable. It is the variable that is controlled or manipulated by the researcher. The dependent variable is the response or outcome assumed to be caused by the effect of the independent variable.

Kindly attempt the practice question below (It is a 2-in-1 question);

A PT is carrying out a research to study the effects of plyometric training techniques on vertical leap among amateur volleyball players.

a) Identify the dependent and independent variables.

b) At the conclusion of the study, the researcher subjects his data to statistical analysis and erroneously concludes that a significant relationship exists between the independent and dependent variables. This is an example of?

1. a) An alpha error
2. b) A beta error
3. c) A standard error of measurement (SE)
4. d) A type II error

I can be reached at iyke@ptfinalexam.com